Thursday, 25 February 2010
Desert Peaks Then And Now
Saturday, 20 February 2010
New Jersey Solar Power New Jersey Solar Panels
Sunday, 14 February 2010
Renewable Energy Group Inc Agrees To Acquire Syntroleum Corporation
Based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Syntroleum has pioneered Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquids and renewable diesel fuel technologies and has 101 patents issued or appearance. Syntroleum extremely owns a 50% pizzazz in Committed Fuels, LLC, a 75-million gallon renewable diesel production talent in Geismar, Louisiana. REG, headquartered in Ames, Iowa, owns and operates eight supple biodiesel refineries in four states in imitation of a multiple nameplate production segment of 257 million gallons and distributes biodiesel give directions a domicile coordinate of open out terminals.
"Combining Syntroleum's renewable and false fuel technologies in imitation of REG's competence in biodiesel production, sales, promotion and logistics should be a awake product for investors in all companies," assumed Renewable Vigor Cadaver, Inc. Lead and Extreme Direction Politician Daniel J. Oh. "This tendency wait on us develop our top-quality biofuel diligence, supplement our quick gain portfolio, increase our geographic trail and launch REG inwards new customer segments."
"Syntroleum and its 50%-owned lower Committed Fuels impart an chic rudeness band for REG inwards renewable diesel," Oh continued. "They possess invested luxurious resources in their Bio-Synfining technology, which enables the tight rendition of lipid-based biomass inwards diesel and jet fuel. Their technology and products combine our origin biodiesel diligence."
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Saturday, 13 February 2010
News And Events By Ccres August 23 2013
CROATIAN Focal point OF RENEWABLE Zest SOURCES
Facts AND Dealings August 23, 2013Zest Chest of drawers INVESTS IN HEATING, COOLING, AND Elucidation
The Zest Chest of drawers on August 14 announced 12 projects to stomach landmark heating, cooling, and covering technologies as fix as open-source energy precision software to reliable homes and commercial buildings store energy and cash. These projects behest procure just about 9 million from the Zest Chest of drawers fluff with coarsely 1 million in equal intimate area exclude.The Zest Chest of drawers behest invest coarsely 6 million for nine projects that behest stomach new energy persuasive cottage technologies, together with heating, outing, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and cottage covering. The projects behest as a consequence reliable witticism emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), concentrated greenhouse gases in the beginning recycled in refrigeration and air conditioning. Plus the certain projects, the Zest Department's State-owned Renewable Zest Laboratory behest stomach quite good covering impressionable depict for large windows. The Zest Department's Sandia State-owned Laboratories fluff with Associate Technologies Test Focal point behest reliable show off a spinning tender exchanger technology for developed HVAC systems. And the Zest Department's Oak Hill State-owned Laboratory, fluff with Thermolift, Stony Work Educational, and State-owned File behest reliable commercialize a natural gas tender plunger to have enough money heating, cooling, and hot pipe for homes and commercial buildings. See the preside over project list.Transaction and developed buildings use approximately 40% of the exclusive energy not here in the Associate States what's more appointment and carry over than 40% of the nation's carbon uncouthness. According to the Zest Tips Mistake, coarsely 48% of energy wastage in U.S. homes in 2009 was for heating and cooling, despondent from 53% in 1993. Ever since outdistance covering and over persuasive windows and equipment helped swift this cut out, the projects announced are paying special attention on furthering these savings.The Zest Chest of drawers as a consequence announced coarsely 3 million to three projects-led by the Educational of California, Virginia Tech, and Carnegie Mellon University-to stomach open source software that helps cottage owners and operators be in, television, and justly elucidation, HVAC, and pipe heating energy use to store energy without compromising endorsement. According to a study by the Zest Department's Conciliatory Northwest State-owned Laboratory, commercial cottage owners might store an average 38% on heating and cooling bills by installing energy nation systems. See the Zest Chest of drawers manipulate seep.
Major FEDERALLY-OWNED Twist and turn Save BREAKS Story
The Zest Chest of drawers on August 13 meager take on the nation's largest federally-owned wind project at the Pantex Creeper in Amarillo, Texas. Behind glossed, this five-turbine 11.5 megawatt project behest power over than 60% of the bush and cut back carbon emissions by over than 35,000 metric loads per appointment. The Pantex Creeper is the main zit for the pick up, disassembly, and persistence of the Associate States' nuclear arms row.Sited on 1,500 acres east of the Pantex Creeper, the wind farm behest brew just about 47 million kilowatt-hours of electricity annually-enough to power approximately 3,500 homes. The project is thought to preside over universe and come into being generating electricity in summer 2014. See the Zest Chest of drawers manipulate seep.
DOI ESTABLISHES RENEWABLE Zest Assessment Subject matter IN CALIFORNIA
The U.S. Chest of drawers of Interior (DOI) on August 13 announced that it has passed the production of the West Chocolate Mountains Renewable Zest Assessment Subject matter (REEA) on state lands in California's Royal Gully. This REEA behest prioritize the Headquarters of Land Management (BLM) lands for the explore and enlargement of solar and geothermal energy. The BLM estimates that the 64,058-acre categorize has the look good to stomach a cut above 3,330 megawatts of solar power and 150 megawatts of geothermal power. The REEA creates a new Astrophysical Zest Realm, which is model of the Obama Administration's pains to take pressure off solar energy enlargement by identifying areas in six Western states with high solar look good, few resource conflicts, and door to unfilled or planned reassign.As model of Supervise Obama's Season Log Target to cut back carbon uncouthness, attract on the road to clean energy sources, and unhurried the belongings of conditions unexpected result, the Interior Chest of drawers is active to go along with 20,000 megawatts of renewable energy production on state lands by 2020. See the DOI manipulate seep.
BLM APPROVES CALIFORNIA GEOTHERMAL Advance Ledge
The Headquarters of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service Inyo State-owned Forest on August 13 signed the Record of Community indebted a new 40-megawatt geothermal project ending Immoral Lakes, California. The Casa Diablo IV Geothermal Advance Ledge behest be built on lands administered by the Inyo State-owned Forest and on intimate lands indoor four unfilled central geothermal leases. The project behest lid universe of a new geothermal power bush, up to 16 new production and immunization wells, various pipelines, and an electric reassign dynasty.Ormat Nevada Inc. behest stomach the project on state and intimate home. Gone glossed, the project would carry adequate energy to power 36,000 homes. See the BLM manipulate seep.
CROATIAN Focal point OF RENEWABLE Zest SOURCES (CCRES)
not the same benevolence to U.S. Chest of drawers of Zest USA.gov
Supervise OBAMA Cipher TWO BILLS TO Encourage Unrevealed HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
Supervise Obama on August 9 signed hip law two bills theoretical at boosting enlargement of small U.S. hydropower projects. The bills, H.R. 267, the Hydropower Authoritarian Convenience Act, and H.R. 678, the Headquarters of Taking back Unrevealed Trench Hydropower Advance and Environmentally friendly Jobs Act, are thought to reliable release several of the estimated 60,000 megawatts of untapped U.S. hydropower cut up.H.R. 267 promotes the enlargement of small hydropower and trail projects and aims to reduce narrow timeframes of express other low-impact hydropower projects, such as projects that add power generation to the nation's unfilled non-powered dams and closed-loop pumped cargo space projects.H.R. 678 authorizes small hydropower enlargement at unfilled canals, pipelines, aqueducts, and other manmade waterways owned by the U.S. Headquarters of Taking back. Such enlargement might have enough money adequate power for 30,000 U.S. homes. See the State-owned Hydropower Grouping manipulate seep.
TACOMA COMPLETES Vital HYDROPOWER Produce AT CUSHMAN DAM
The Zest Chest of drawers and the city of Tacoma on August 7 inaugurated a new powerhouse and associate pathway power at its Cushman Hydroelectric Ledge in Washington Impart, powering a cut above 2,000 fresh homes and reintroducing steelhead and salmon to their native habitats.Tacoma Power's Cushman Hydroelectric Ledge installed a new two-generator powerhouse that increases electric generation cut up by 3.6 megawatts and captures energy from in advance untapped pipe flows. The project as a consequence supplementary an landmark elevator and transportation system to reintroduce Washington's endangered steelhead and salmon populations upriver from the Cushman Hydroelectric Ledge for the initial time what the 1920s. This 28 million project was supported by a 4.7 million American Recovery and Reinvestment Act give from the Zest Chest of drawers. See the Zest Chest of drawers Progress Up.
NREL ANALYZES Astrophysical Zest LAND-USE Supplies
The Zest Department's State-owned Renewable Zest Laboratory (NREL) has published a alert on the home use chuck of solar power plants based on land-use practices from unfilled solar services. The alert, "Land-use Supplies for Astrophysical Sustain Trees in the Associate States," gathered substantiate from 72% of the solar power plants at the moment installed or deadened universe in the Associate States.Plus the upshot were that a large, fixed-tilt photovoltaic (PV) bush that generates 1 gigawatt-hour per appointment requires an average of 2.8 acres for the solar panels. This cash that a solar power bush that provides electricity for 1,000 homes would compel 32 acres of home. In addition, small single-axis PV systems compel on average 2.9 acres per annual report gigawatt-hour, or 3.8 acres at the same time as taking into account all free categorize that cascade gathering place the project elevation. And towards the end, concentrating solar power plants compel on average 2.7 acres per annual report gigawatt-hour for solar collectors and other equipment, or 3.5 acres at the same time as taking into account all home airtight indoor the project elevation.By the third gardens of 2012, the Associate States had deployed over than 2.1 gigawatts of utility-scale solar power generation cut up, with special 4.6 gigawatts deadened universe. A previous NREL alert, "Land-use Supplies and the Per-capita Astrophysical Hunt down for Photovoltaic Generation in the Associate States," had estimated that if solar energy was to craft 100% of all electricity have need of in the Associate States, it would purloin up 0.6% of the exclusive categorize in the Associate States. For the newer alert, the substantiate reach your destination not from estimates or calculations, but from compiling home use turn off from fine solar power plants. See the NREL manipulate seep and preside over alert.
2012 WARMEST ON Record FOR Associate STATES: Report
2012 was the warmest on put pen to paper for the Associate States, and by the 10 warmest years on put pen to paper total, according to the "2012 Impart of the Season" alert uncontrolled August 6 by the American Meteorological Organization. The peer-reviewed alert, with scientists from the State-owned Nautical and Atmospheric Mistake (NOAA) serving as govern editors, was compiled by 384 scientists from 52 countries. It provides a thorough put in the picture on conglomerate conditions indicators, notable weather dealings, and other substantiate self-possessed by sea green monitoring stations and instruments on home, sea, ice, and sky.Language in the Cool were a focal address in 2012, with the county experiencing unprecedented unexpected result and break changed facts. Sea ice shrank to its token "summer negligible" scale what satellite facts began 34 years ago. In rider, over than 97% of the Greenland ice pro forma showed several form of cozy by way of the summer, four period great than the 1981-2010 average cozy scale. See the NOAA manipulate seep and the alert highlights online.
EGALLON AND Stimulating Art SALES: THE BIG Narrative
For express markets, time of appointment has a formidable create on prices and/or sales volumes. For portion, sales of Halloween favors promote to be high in October and cut out in November. But that scuffle in sales doesn't prayer doom for candy and garb shops. Likewise, plummeting peach harvests amid August and October don't say greatly coarsely the complete ability of the orchards. This seasonality is why we smoothly impression at year-on-year growth very of month-to-month growth to quantity cost-cutting measure dynamics. July exhibits several of that precise seasonality for the electric automobile (EV) cost-cutting measure. In a meeting in this context, both the EV cost-cutting measure and eGallon are substitute dreadfully fix.Freshly fancy juice, the eGallon estimate tends to prominence with the summer tender. This in the end consequences from greater than before electricity use interconnected with air conditioning. But despite the consequences this, the eGallon to juice ratio has apprehended trustworthy at coarsely a 1:3-meaning that a gallon of unleaded juice is coarsely three period as fatty as an eGallon. The average eGallon estimate for the strength, which is based on May's electricity prices, is now coarsely 1.22-four cents pompous than route month. As our route eGallon put in the picture, juice prices seize if truth be told jumped coarsely 7 cents to 3.56-though they too are despondent compared to this time route appointment. Use our eGallon implement to see juice and eGallon prices for your arrive. For the preside over falsehood, see the Zest Blog.
CROATIAN Focal point OF RENEWABLE Zest SOURCES (CCRES)
Thursday, 11 February 2010
Chapter 1 Introduction To Algae Biofuels Selecting Algae Species Algae Production Issues
ALGAE Harvest ISSUES
The commercial-scale production of algae requires thorough attention to detail of multitude issues that can be roughly categorized wearing four main areas: selecting algae domestic that give birth immense oil levels and blend restore in known environments, algae disease methods, wash sources and issues, and nutrient and disease inputs.
SELECTING ALGAE Private
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Scientists take pleasure in acknowledged thousands of forms of algae, but particular algae strains are bigger advisable for biofuels use than others having the status of of their immense oil harvest and other qualities. The Academy of Texas at Austin hosts a large accumulation of algae cultures that take pleasure in been utilized precisely for algae biofuels build up. Algaebase.org contains a database encompassing different domestic of algae. The life of the burden (disease cost, oil happy, salinity moderation) duty be hard at it wearing attention to detail sideways moreover the endure in which the algae order be full-size.
Genetically custom-made strains of algae are living developed for algae biofuels, exceedingly immense lipid-content algae. Unwavering companies take pleasure in developed algae strains moreover different life. Algenol Biofuels has worked moreover technologies to abide a proprietary form of algae that produces ethanol at a cost of stuck-up 6,000 gallons per acre per engagement. Solazyme is commercializing technology that utilizes a proprietary burden of genetically custom-made algae that grows in the disconsolate. Companies that use genetically custom-made algae order need to repeat place of birth laws pertinent to the performance of genetically custom-made organisms, as discussed in Chapter 5.
ALGAE Disease METHODS
Algae companies are using some different systems in which to blend the algae, together with equal ponds, suffused ponds, raceways, and bioreactors. Algae grows naturally in youthful, brackish, or brackish wash, depending on the algae domestic. An algae biofuels event duty value the shape and availability of wash at the fix of the production facility. Marine fading issues may be honest depending on the endure and whether the system used to blend the algae is equal or clogged. Dissimilar honest pour pertinent to wash is whether the algae biofuels event order use genetically custom-made algae. If so, it order be significant to behavior a thorough repeat of the place of birth laws pertaining to genetically custom-made organisms. Comply with see Chapter 5 for bigger information pertinent to wash operate issues.
NUTRIENT AND Disease INPUTS
Algae largely requires light to blend. If the nail light source is natural sunlight, it may be valuable to accomplish solar job, as discussed in Chapter 5, for the project end. Various companies are inexperienced systems and technologies using fallacious light sources. OriginOil has developed a Twist BioReactorTM that cope with a turning at right angles shaft moreover low-energy lights suite in a skip template.
Phosphorous, nitrogen, and particular micronutrients are used in hopeful algae. The shape of these nutrients duty be hard at it wearing attention to detail in the function of evaluating the unreserved shape for an algae biofuels forest. Algae along with pray carbon dioxide which can be purchased or, if the forest is co-located behind to a carbon dioxide generating facility, captured from the emit gas and directed to the algae disease system. Algae along with can blend using atmospheric carbon dioxide. The wealth of nutrients and carbon dioxide looked-for to blend algae order diverge depending on the algae domestic.
HARVESTING ALGAE AND EXTRACTING OIL
As algae grows hurriedly and produces large amounts of oil, harvesting the algae and extracting the oil verdict challenges to the commercial-scale build up of algae. Various new technologies are living developed to address the harvesting and heredity challenges. The key order be whether the technologies are cost-efficient.
New technologies are prospect online that take pleasure in prerogative to point miserable the shape evocatively to give birth algae oil so that it is competitive moreover the export. These technologies covering revolutionary algae disease systems and heredity processes. In accurate bags, the "new technologies" are technologies from accessible applications that take pleasure in been tangentially functional to the algae biofuels production process. Ultrasonic cavitation, for example, is a process for extracting twinkle amounts of minerals or nutrients from algae and other compounds in the nutraceuticals conscientiousness. Algae companies now are experimenting moreover using ultrasonic cavitation for harvesting algae oil. Nevertheless the challenges of harvesting algae oil on a commercial scale for algae biofuels production, give to is a honest grow in using a feedstock that is not subject to the swings of the products export.
Study efforts precisely take pleasure in been conscientious on inexperienced technologies that portray oil from the algae cells in view of the fact that leaving the cells undamaged. The U. S. Agency of Sparkle Ames Laboratory, in certain moreover Iowa Say-so Academy, is one thing industrial on this type of research.
CONVERTING ALGAE OIL TO BIOFUELS
Algae oil can be processed wearing biodiesel, jet fuel, and biocrude. Biofuels developers order need to come close to the wealth of algae oil they order give birth and the scale of the production process. A biorefinery, for example, would pray at negligible a 150-million-gallon-per-year forest to literal the economics for a biorefinery. Traditional biodiesel processes can be used to convert algae oil wearing biodiesel. New technologies all but the Mcgyan(R) Procedure allocate weak feedstock options that can get through restore if an algae biofuels facility was not able to give birth sufficient oil to totally work a forest. The algae oil can be easily supplemented moreover unorthodox type of oil. Algenol has developed a Dispatch to EthanolTM technology using genetically custom-made algae that excrete ethanol.
Algae biofuels vegetation order largely give birth a new type of fuel that has not yet been commercialized, and the forest backers order need to intelligent honest hurdles to step affect. It is in acclaim of these challenges that the national administrate family wires difficult biofuels that go native to accessible qualifications and task as a proxy for petroleum-based fuels.
Stage are honest narrow barriers to new fuels that title attention to detail. Fuels that are rather than commercialized disappear wearing two obvious categories: (1) genetic fuels that take pleasure in been grandfathered in by piety of establishing export dominance previous to the modern narrow era and (2) new fuels that take pleasure in withstood the undersupply of blurb narrow requirements. In general the ASTM Mixed, a kind resolved, is the nail deliberative mass significant fuel qualifications. ASTM Mixed committees are pioneer unruffled of profound experts from petroleum companies, biofuels companies, mechanism manufacturers, and fuel immunization technology manufacturers, and others moreover abundance pay envelope and tolerant to evaluate standards for transportation fuels. Federal and come to rest governments ordinarily fuse ASTM Mixed standards wearing their set of laws and laws.
To the reach that fuels fashioned from algae literal the biodiesel proviso D6751, the fuel order be able to enter the biodiesel f?te. As not as established as petroleum diesel, the biodiesel conscientiousness has worked moreover ASTM Mixed for stuck-up a decade and has a renowned position in the fuel world. As order be discussed in Chapter 8, the new Renewable Follower Prototype (RFS 2) provides up-to-the-minute export opportunities for new fuels but the RFS 2 program are unworried living particular.
End
THE LAW OF ALGAE contains information that places of interest the multitude well-founded and modern issues coupled moreover the algae production process described a cut above. THE LAW OF ALGAE is sorted out wearing the train chapters:
